Main article: Demographics of Minneapolis
[hide]Racial composition | 2010[56] | 1990[57] | 1970[57] | 1950[57] |
---|---|---|---|---|
White | 63.8% | 78.4% | 93.6% | 98.4% |
—Non-Hispanic | 60.3% | 77.5% | 92.8%[58] | n/a |
Black or African American | 18.6% | 13% | 4.4% | 1.3% |
Hispanic or Latino (of any race) | 10.5% | 2.1% | 0.9%[58] | n/a |
Asian | 5.6% | 4.3% | 0.4% | 0.2% |
Other race | 5.6% | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Two or more races | 4.4% | n/a | n/a | n/a |
- White: 63.8%
- Black or African American: 18.6%
- American Indian: 2.0%
- Asian: 5.6% (1.9% Hmong, 0.9% Chinese, 0.7% Indian, 0.6% Korean, 0.4% Vietnamese, 0.3% Thai, 0.3% Laotian, 0.2% Filipino, 0.1% Japanese, 0.2% Other Asian)
- Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander: 0.1%
- Other: 5.6%
- Multiracial: 4.4%
- Hispanic or Latino (of any race): 10.5%[61] (7.0% Mexican, 1.3% Ecuadorian, 0.4% Puerto Rican, 0.3% Guatemalan, 0.2% Salvadoran, 1.3% Other Latino)
Die grossen blauen Pferde (The Large Blue Horses) by Franz Marc (1911) at the Walker Art Center. Over one-fifth of the population of Minneapolis is of German descent.
American Swedish Institute. Immigrants from Scandinavia arrived beginning in the 1860s.
Dakota tribes, mostly the Mdewakanton, as early as the 16th century were known as permanent settlers near their sacred site of St. Anthony Falls.[13] New settlers arrived during the 1850s and 1860s in Minneapolis from New England, New York, and Canada, and during the mid-1860s, immigrants from Finland and Scandinavians (from Sweden, Norway and Denmark) began to call the city home. Migrant workers from Mexico and Latin America also interspersed.[62] Later, immigrants came from Germany, Italy, Greece, Poland, and Southern and Eastern Europe. These immigrants tended to settle in the Northeast neighborhood, which still retains an ethnic flavor and is particularly known for its Polish community. Jews from Russia and Eastern Europe began arriving in the 1880s and settled primarily on the north side of the city before moving in large numbers to the western suburbs in the 1950s and 1960s.[63] Asians came from China, the Philippines, Japan, and Korea. Two groups came for a short while during U.S. government relocations: Japanese during the 1940s, and Native Americans during the 1950s. From 1970 onward, Asians arrived from Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, and Thailand. Beginning in the 1990s, a large Latino population arrived, along with immigrants from the Horn of Africa, especially Somalia.[64] The metropolitan area is an immigrant gateway which had a 127% increase in foreign-born residents between 1990 and 2000.[65]
U.S. Census Bureau estimates in the year 2015 show the population of Minneapolis to be 410,939, a 7.4% increase since the 2010 census. The population grew until 1950 when the census peaked at 521,718, and then declined as people moved to the suburbs until about 1990.
Among U.S. cities as of 2006, Minneapolis has the fourth-highest percentage of gay, lesbian, or bisexual people in the adult population, with 12.5% (behind San Francisco, and slightly behind both Seattle and Atlanta).[66][67] In 2012, The Advocate named Minneapolis the seventh gayest city in America.[68] In 2013, the city was among 25 U.S. cities to receive the highest possible score from the Human Rights Campaign, signifying its support for LGBT residents.[69]
Racial and ethnic minorities lag behind white counterparts in education, with 15.0% of blacks and 13.0% of Hispanics holding bachelor's degrees compared to 42.0% of the white population. The standard of living is on the rise, with incomes among the highest in the Midwest, but median household income among minorities is below that of whites by over $17,000. Regionally, home ownership among minority residents is half that of whites though Asian home ownership has doubled. In 2000, the poverty rate for whites was 4.2%; for blacks it was 26.2%; for Asians, 19.1%; Native Americans, 23.2%; and Hispanics, 18.1%.[65][70][71]
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